top of page
FOUNDATION

1. INTRODUCTION

 

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS <4m

2. BENCHES

3. FEET

4. FOUNDATION PLATE

5. GRATE

 

DEEP FOUNDATIONS> 4m

6. FOUNDATION BOXES

7. WELLS

8. PALE
8.1. CFA piles
8.2. DSM columns
8.3. SC gravel columns
8.4. MicropilesMicropiles
8.5. Poles for acoustic screens / Acoustic screens

9. CESSONS

10. BELLS

 

1. INTRODUCTION.

 

Foundation - a structural element transferring all loads to buildings or machines (in the case of a foundation for a machine, device) made of concrete, reinforced concrete, less often brick or stone. Under the influence of transferred loads, soil deformations occur, which in turn causes the settlement of the building. Therefore, the selection of a suitable foundation solution (building foundation method) is to ensure:

  • minimal and even settlement of the building and its stability,

  • proper foundation depth (on a soil layer of adequate load capacity and below the freezing depth of the soil),

  • ease of execution,

  • building protection against moisture.

 

 

8.1 CFA PILES.
Application:

  • cubature buildings, transferring significant loads to the ground,

  • engineering, hydrotechnical and industrial facilities,

  • difficult soil conditions - high resistance of gravel and stony soil,

  • under road embankments,

  • under large-scale facilities.

Building:

  • piling plant equipped with a continuous auger,

  • concrete mix pumping pump,

  • concrete mix,

  • reinforcement basket.

Production technology:

  • setting the drill,

  • drilling with a drill bit with simultaneous drilling,

  • drilling to full depth,

  • pulling up the drill bit with simultaneous pressing of the concrete mix through the core pipe,

  • concreting the pile with some allowance,

  • driving reinforcement,

  • placing reinforcement, usually not over the whole pile depth.

parameters:

  • bearing capacity

  • lengths from 4 m to 25 m used,

  • diameter from 0.4 m to 1.20 m,

  • injection pressure 200 ÷ 600 kPa,

  • spacing from 1.2 m to 3.5 m.

 

 

8.2 DSM COLUMNS
Application:

  • strengthening grounds with insufficient load-bearing capacity,

  • reinforcement for hall foundations, bridge abutments, wind power plant foundations, excavation casings after reinforcing with a steel profile,

  • soil conditions: dusty and sandy soils.

Building:

  • agitator consisting of drill rod and cross beams,

  • binding medium (e.g. cement, cement-ash, bentonite slurry),

  • reinforcement basket (for bending or stretching columns).

Production technology:

  • putting the stirrer into the ground,

  • deep mixing of soil with medium,

  • possible reinforcement driving.

parameters:

  • load capacity up to 6 MPa,

  • lengths up to 20 m used,

  • diameter 0.8 m,

  • placement without restrictions.

 

 

8.3 WIND COLUMNS SC.
Application:

  • strengthening grounds with insufficient load-bearing capacity,

  • foundations of cubature objects (warehouse halls, shopping centers, residential buildings),

  • floors of industrial facilities,

  • road and rail embankments.

Building:

  • deep vibrator connected to the charging pipe,

  • natural granular aggregate (gravel, sandstone or broken aggregate), silt content less than 5%.

Production technology:

  • driving the vibrator into the ground,

  • aggregate charge,

  • aggregate compaction with a vibrator, most often with 0.50 m thick parts.

parameters:

  • load capacity up to 400 kPa,

  • lengths up to 20 m used,

  • diameter,

  • arrangement from 1.5 m to 3.0 m

  • coefficient of soil exchange in the range from 15% to 35%.

 

 

8.4 MICROPALES.
Application:

  • strengthening the foundation (foundations) of buildings, especially where access is difficult,

  • culverts,

  • bridges,

  • under the roads,

  • inside rooms,

  • strengthening the foundations of historic buildings.

Building:

  • prefabricated steel - concrete or steel elements,

  • retaining pipes (for connecting the micro pile with the foundation and for pressing prefabricated elements): steel with a length depending on the thickness of the foundation slab, wrapped on the outer surface, with a steel wire spiral.

  • injection - cement paste.

Production technology:

  • the elements are pressed in with cylinders mounted on a threaded steel pipe concreted in the foundation, or an additional reinforced concrete wreath connected with reinforced walls,

  • injection through holes in the elements in the micropile support zone.

parameters:

  • load capacity up to 600 kN,

  • lengths used: from 4 m to 20 m,

  • diameter: nominal (prefabricated) - 140 mm, effective (in load-bearing soil layers, after injection) - from 160 mm to 250 mm,

  • injection pressure: up to 5 MPa.

​

Bibliography:

fundamentowanie 1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
bottom of page